Flesh-eating bacteria, Vibrio vulnificus alert: 4 deaths in Florida in 2024

The US CDC is raising the alert: the bacteria thrive in warm, brackish water. Those with open wounds and chronic conditions are at risk

The flesh-eating bacterium, known as Vibrio vulnificus, is once again causing fear. In the United States, and particularly in Florida, 11 cases have already been reported in 2024, with 4 deaths attributed to the infection. The US CDC has raised the alarm, emphasising how climate change is favouring the spread of this potentially lethal pathogen.

Vibrio vulnificus is naturally found in warm, brackish waters typical of coastal environments from May to October. Infection occurs mainly through open wounds exposed to seawater, but in about 10% of cases it is also linked to the consumption of raw shellfish. Once it enters the body, it can cause severe necrotising infections, sometimes fatal within 48 hours.

According to the CDC, the risk is higher for the elderly and people with pre-existing conditions, such as liver disease or diabetes. In these patients, compromised immune systems make serious complications more likely.

From 1988 to 2018, Vibrio vulnificus infections increased eightfold along the east coast of the United States, and their range extends further north each year, at an average of 48 km. This growth is also linked to extreme weather events: storms, floods and hurricanes can carry the bacteria inland, exposing more and more people.

In 2023, Hurricane Ian caused 17 deaths in Florida. In 2024, after Hurricane Helene, the numbers rose to 19 deaths out of 82 infections.

• CDC recommendations:
  Avoid contact with salt water if you have cuts or abrasions.
• Cover wounds with waterproof bandages.
• Wash wounds immediately after exposure to sea water.
• Always cook shellfish before eating them.
• Seek medical attention immediately if you see signs of skin infection.

The message is clear: in a warming world, even a dip in the sea can become dangerous.

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